Step-by-step HTS classification guide. Chapter and heading structure, General Rules of Interpretation (GRI), CROSS rulings, binding ruling requests, and how to avoid 19 USC 1592 misclassification penalties.
US customs bonds for importers. CBP Form 301, single entry vs continuous bond cost comparison, calculation of $50,000 minimum continuous bond, bond sufficiency and CBP insufficient bond letters.
Step-by-step landed cost calculation with formulas and worked examples. Customs value (transaction value), duty stacking, freight, insurance, brokerage, and how Incoterms shift cost responsibility.
Side-by-side air vs ocean freight comparison covering cost per kg, transit times by lane, chargeable weight, environmental impact, security, and a decision framework for choosing the right mode.
Clear definitions of NVOCC, freight forwarder, and customs broker. Licensing (FMC OTI for NVOCC and OFF, CBP for broker), legal liability (carrier vs agent), and how the three roles work together on a single shipment.
A practical evaluation framework for selecting an international freight forwarder. License verification (FMC OTI, CBP), pricing transparency, technology, network coverage, claims handling, and specific questions to ask before signing.
ISF 10+2 filing guide. The 10 importer data elements, the 2 carrier elements, 24-hour rule, $5,000 penalties, exempt cargo, and how to file ISF correctly for ocean shipments to the US.
The $800 de minimis exemption was eliminated for China and Hong Kong on May 2, 2025 by Executive Order 14256. Breakdown of the new rules, formal entry requirements, and impact on e-commerce shipping.
Section 232 tariffs on steel (50%) and aluminum (50%) imports for US importers. Country exemptions, derivative products, quota agreements, and how US importers calculate duties in 2026.
The Strait of Hormuz disruption has reached the stage where the world’s largest container carrier is issuing a fourth formal
What Changed After Brexit for US Shippers? When the United Kingdom left the European Union’s Single Market and Customs Union
What Is Article 23 VAT Deferment? Article 23 of the Dutch VAT Act (Wet op de omzetbelasting 1968) allows businesses
